It is located at the southwestern end of the courtyard of the rock, opposite Bab al-Silsilah. It was established by King Sharaf al-Din Abu al-Mansur Isa al-Ayyubi in 604 AH / 1207 AD, at the hands of Prince Hussam al-Din Abi Maad Qumbaz, to be a specialized school for teaching linguistic sciences such as morphology and grammar inside the blessed Al-Aqsa Mosque. It was known as the Grammar Dome and the Grammar School.

King Jesus endowed her with many endowments to spend on them, as he was one of the most prominent people who were keen on the reconstruction of this noble mosque, as he was a lover of the Holy Qur’an and its language.

The dome consists of three connected rooms, the largest dome is over the western room, while another dome is less high above the eastern room, and it has a main entrance located on its northern façade.

The Nahwiyyah dome turned into a library during the British occupation, and today it is used as the headquarters of the Sharia Court of Appeal, and its exact name now is: The Office of the Acting Chief Justice, and underneath it is the court's archive.